reference strain s aureus atcc 43300  (ATCC)

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Phage–antibiotic synergy restores β-lactam efficacy in MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae biofilms and suppresses resistance

doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01218-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of PAS effects on planktonic K. quasipneumoniae ATCC 700603. A – E Bacterial growth curves under different treatment conditions (as indicated in the diagrams). The concentrations of CAZ as the fold change in the MIC (MIC CAZ = 32 mg/L) and phage titers are indicated in the legends. The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs, n = 3)

Article Snippet: Furthermore, this study utilizes a single-strain–single-phage model centered on the reference strain ATCC 700603.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Phage–antibiotic synergy restores β-lactam efficacy in MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae biofilms and suppresses resistance

doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01218-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative evaluation of treatment effects on K. quasipneumoniae ATCC 700603 biofilms following exposure to CAZ (0.25 × MIC), phage vB_KpUKJ_2 (10 8 PFU/mL), or their combination. A Surface area covered (SAC) by viable biofilm (in %) over time, as determined by the calcein fluorescence signal after staining with CAM. A total pixel area of 2048 × 2048 µm was analyzed from LSFM micrographs; B AUC representation of the kinetic data from ( A ) over a treatment period of 0–24 h, based on relative fluorescence units (RFU) × h; C Viable bacterial counts (CFU/mL) after biofilm treatments at three distinct time points. Statistical analysis was performed via two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. D Phage particles (PFU/mL) after combined biofilm treatment at three time points. Statistical analysis was conducted via one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. The data are presented as the means ± SDs (n = 3). Significance was assumed at p < 0.05 and is indicated by asterisks: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Furthermore, this study utilizes a single-strain–single-phage model centered on the reference strain ATCC 700603.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Phage–antibiotic synergy restores β-lactam efficacy in MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae biofilms and suppresses resistance

doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01218-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative CLSM images showing the effects of phage vB_KpUKJ_2 (10 8 PFU/mL) on mature K. quasipneumoniae ATCC 700603 biofilms at 0, 4, and 24 h post-treatment. Biofilms were stained with Con-A (green) for α-polysaccharides or with CFW (magenta) for β-polysaccharides to visualize extracellular matrix integrity. A Untreated control, B phage-treated samples. To minimize photobleaching and laser-induced biofilm disruption, independent samples were used for each time point. Each image represents a representative Z-stack projection from three independent experiments. Scale bars: 20 μm

Article Snippet: Furthermore, this study utilizes a single-strain–single-phage model centered on the reference strain ATCC 700603.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Disruption

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Phage–antibiotic synergy restores β-lactam efficacy in MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae biofilms and suppresses resistance

doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01218-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of six phage-resistant mutants in comparison with the parental K. quasipneumoniae ATCC 700603 strain. A Differences in the AUCs based on growth kinetics. B Biofilm formation ability at 48 h quantified by crystal violet staining and absorbance measured at 570 nm; the data are presented as the means ± SDs (n = 3). Statistical analyses were performed via one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Significance was assumed at p < 0.05 and is indicated by asterisks: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0. 0001

Article Snippet: Furthermore, this study utilizes a single-strain–single-phage model centered on the reference strain ATCC 700603.

Techniques: Comparison, Staining

Journal: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

Article Title: Molecular characterization and susceptibility of foodborne Escherichia coli to conventional antibiotics and natural extracts of Solanum palinacanthum and Siparuna guianensis

doi: 10.1007/s42770-026-01898-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains present in food

Article Snippet: Quality control for the antimicrobial susceptibility tests was ensured by using the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, in accordance with the CLSI M100 35th edition (2025) guidelines [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

Article Title: Molecular characterization and susceptibility of foodborne Escherichia coli to conventional antibiotics and natural extracts of Solanum palinacanthum and Siparuna guianensis

doi: 10.1007/s42770-026-01898-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of E. coli strains resistant to antimicrobial groups present in food. ß-lac - ß-lactams; Qui - quinolones; Tetra - tetracyclines; Ami - Aminoglycosides; Amp - amphenicols; Sulf - sulfonamides; Lin - lincosamides; Pol - polymyxins; Mac – macrolides

Article Snippet: Quality control for the antimicrobial susceptibility tests was ensured by using the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, in accordance with the CLSI M100 35th edition (2025) guidelines [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

Article Title: Molecular characterization and susceptibility of foodborne Escherichia coli to conventional antibiotics and natural extracts of Solanum palinacanthum and Siparuna guianensis

doi: 10.1007/s42770-026-01898-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolated from food

Article Snippet: Quality control for the antimicrobial susceptibility tests was ensured by using the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, in accordance with the CLSI M100 35th edition (2025) guidelines [ ].

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03291-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serotype distribution of ocular S. pneumoniae in Zhejiang, China. The serotypes of S. pneumoniae strains collected in the current study are presented in the bar figure. The green bars represent the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine types (PCV12T and PCV20T), and the gray bars represent the non-vaccine serotypes (NVT). A small figure was inserted in the upper-right corner to show the proportion of PCVs covered serotypes and NVT in all isolates.

Article Snippet: An S. pneumoniae reference strain (ATCC 49619) was used as quality control for each antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03291-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: The phylogenetic analysis and distribution of major antimicrobial resistance determinants among global ocular S. pneumoniae strains and the antimicrobial resistance profile of pneumococcus in the current study. ( A ) The phylogenetic tree of global pneumococcal isolates from ocular infections ( n = 58) was constructed via PopPUNK (v2.4.0) and aligned with the metadata, including country, serotype, ST type, GPSC type, and PBP1a-2b-2x mutation type, and antimicrobial resistance determinants ( ermB, mefA, and tetM ). This panel was visualized using iTOL (v6). ( B ) The antimicrobial susceptibility test results of PEN, CRO, ERY, and LVX against isolated ocular pneumococcus (one figure for each drug), and the last figure (bottom right corner of panel B) represents the resistance proportion in all tested pneumococcal strains against each drug. Red bars represent the resistance strains, and gray bars show the susceptible strains. The red dashed line in each figure indicates the breakpoint of each drug against S. pneumoniae according to the CLSI standard 2023.

Article Snippet: An S. pneumoniae reference strain (ATCC 49619) was used as quality control for each antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Techniques: Construct, Mutagenesis, Isolation

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03291-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clone distribution aligned with diagnoses and virulence factors detected in global ocular S. pneumoniae . The phylogenetic tree of global pneumococcal isolates from ocular infections ( n = 58) was constructed via PopPUNK (v2.4.0) and aligned with the metadata, including diagnoses, country, serotype, ST type, GPSC type, and virulence factors. Four major clones were identified and shaded with different colors on the branch, including CC344 (light yellow), CC448 (light red), CC271 (light blue), and CC90 (light green).

Article Snippet: An S. pneumoniae reference strain (ATCC 49619) was used as quality control for each antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Techniques: Construct, Clone Assay

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03291-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recombination analysis of global ocular S. pneumoniae. ( A ) The phylogenetic tree of global pneumococcal isolates from ocular infections ( n = 58) was constructed using the SNP of the core genome of each strain, and TIGR4 was used as the reference strain (aligned at the top of panel A). The ocular pneumococcal strains from China were marked in red in the isolated ID. The serotype, country, and diagnosis data were aligned at the tree tip. Recombination data were presented in red (recombination within each clone complex on an internal branch) and blue (recombination that occurred on a terminal branch that is unique to each isolate) blocks. Due to the high diversity of serotypes, countries, and diagnostic data presented in this figure, we chose to use a gradient color scale, ranging from bright yellow to dark blue, to illustrate the differences in the data. For example, in the serotype data, NT is bright yellow, serotype 3 is green, and 10A is dark blue. Specific data corresponding to each color are presented in the legend below panel A. The total SNP number ( B ), number of SNPs inside recombination ( C ), and recombination blocks ( D ) of each isolate were calculated in different regions (China, North America, Europe, and other Asian countries) worldwide. ( E ) The strains with r/m > 1 (the ratio of SNP introduced by recombination and by mutation) were also counted in the above four regions worldwide. “***” represents a P < 0.001, “****” represents a P < 0.0001, and “ns” indicates no significant difference between compared groups.

Article Snippet: An S. pneumoniae reference strain (ATCC 49619) was used as quality control for each antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Techniques: Construct, Isolation, Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03291-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of global ocular S. pneumoniae . ( A–D ) The top 20 SNPs accumulated genes in ocular S. pneumoniae isolated from North America ( A ), Europe ( B ), other Asian countries ( C ), and China ( D ). The light red shading indicates the top five mutated genes. The dark red shading indicates the top mutated gene. The blue star marks gene ranked in the top five in China and not in other regions. ( E ) The SNP distribution across all genes of ocular S. pneumoniae from North America, Europe, other Asian countries, and China.

Article Snippet: An S. pneumoniae reference strain (ATCC 49619) was used as quality control for each antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Techniques: Isolation